Human Papilloma Virus

Human Papilloma Virus

Many infections do not cause symptoms in healthy people.The immune system suppresses the virus activity, as a result whose person becomes an infection carrier.At the same time, the transmission of pathogenic other people occur even with complete clinical benefit, because viral particles are in the patient's biological liquids.The hidden course of infection can be the main cause of significant disease spreads: patients do not undergo examinations in a timely manner and continue unconsciously infecting other people.

Human papilloma virus (HPV) can be called an excellent example of a hidden infectious agent.Most people are infected with at least one type of HPV throughout life, but the clinical manifestations of the disease do not appear in all cases.Doctors attribute an increased risk of forming a malicious tumor to remote complications of infection.Moreover, patients who suffer from immunodeficiency often have such a negative consequence of the disease.Medicine themes help combat the symptoms of HPV infection.It is also recommended in a timely vaccination.

More about the disease

The human papillom virus pathogen is an infection that affects the skin and body mucosa.The main manifestation of the disease is the growth of neoplasms in the person's area, the genitals of the oral cavity and throat.In some cases, papillomes are formed in non-specific places, such as the skin of the lower and upper limbs.Localization of nipples depends on the type of HPV.In most people, the infection leads to hidden transport of infection, however, with reducing immunity, the virus begins to show its virulence.In some cases, immunocompetent cells independently destroy the pathogen within 3-6 months after its invasion in the body.

The HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease.Such an indicator can be explained by the high virulation of the virus and the asymptomatic flow of pathology in most people.The use of a condom does not always avoid infection, so the patient can continue to spread the virus even with protected sexual contacts.At the same time, experts have developed effective vaccines that prevent the development of an oncogenic form of HPV.Immunization is shown to girls in adolescence, because virus protection must be perfect before the first sexual contact.

Virus features

The human papillom virus is a pathogen that contains DNA.Unlike bacteria and other microorganisms, viruses can show their activity only after they introduce in a cage and install their own genetic information in the core.After that, the affected cell begins to synthesize proteins needed for the installation of viral particles.Almost all representatives of the papillomavirus family attack only one type of organism, and the HPV infection can only appear in humans.

Scientists know more than 600 strains (kinds) of the virus of the human papillom, which are characterized by genetic information.40 types of HPVs are caused by various forms of disabilities and skin.At the same time, the classification of the degree of oncogenity of strains is important clinical significance.Thus, cervical cancer in women most often occurs with the invasion of HPV 16 and 18. These infectious agents are not always obvious to skin changes.

HPV striking in the basal layer of the epithelium.Patogen can exist in the form of episomine that is not connected to cell DNA or integrated form associated with cell genomes.It is an integrated virus creates the necessary proteins and causes clinical manifestations of the disease.The life of HPV in the body is not a direct cause of malignant tissue degeneration, however, the transport of virus increases the risk of risk factors for cancer.

Infection methods

The virus is located in basal epithelial cells, so any skin and mucosa microtraws increase the risk of infection.In most cases, HPV is transmitted vaginal, anal or oral sexual contact.The condom can only be ensured part of the skin surface, however, viral particles can still penetrate the body through other lids.The presence of genital nipples is predefined to the transmission of pathogens, but the external of the intact skin of the disease carrier is also the source of HPV.

Other transmission paths

  1. Child infection during childbirth.Children most often occur the defeat of respiratory tract
  2. Independent transmission of virus from one part of the body to another
  3. General use of personal hygiene items, including razors, toothbrushes and towels
  4. Blood transfusion.Recent studies have confirmed the possibility of transfusion infection.
  5. Surgical interventions in unconpressible conditions

Despite the various causes of viral invasion, only sexual path of HPV infection clinically.Other sources of infection are characterized by low risk of pathogen.

Risk factors

In addition to direct ways to transfer HPV, it is necessary to take into account the role of risk factors.We are talking about the characteristics of the human way of life and certain individuals.

Key risk factors for infection

  1. A large number of sexual partners.Even with safe sex, active sex life before or later leads to infection.
  2. Age.Genital nipples in most cases are revealed in adolescents and young patients, while condylums oral cavities and respiratory system are characteristic of children.
  3. Impaired immune system.Patients suffering from HIV infection or acquired immunodeficiency are very risk of viral invasion.Also, HPV manifests more often as symptomatic after organ transplantation.
  4. Damage to the skin and mucosal membranes.Microtrows facilitate the penetration of viruses into the basal layer of the epithelium.
  5. Smoking and alcoholism.Bad habits rely the activity of immunity.
  6. Venate infections.

In addition, pregnant women are involved in the risk of infection.It should be borne in mind that the elimination of the predisposition factor is effective preventive tactics.

Clinical picture of a papillom

Clinical current

The incubation period preceding the symptomatic manifestations of the disease may take several months or not.In immunocompetent patients, the body can destroy the infection during this time, but spontaneous removal of pathogen does not always happen.A person can be infected with several virus strains at the same time.Signs of HPV infection occur when exposed to harmful factors that weaken the immune tissue protection.Due to the repetitive course, the condyloma periodically disappears and forms again.Oncological complications Infections can develop several decades.

Possible consequences of the disease:

  1. Cercinoma Grlić Massic - malignant of neoplasm of epithelial tissue.This type of oncology is only associated with human papillom virus.By timely vaccination, onkogenesis danger decreases.
  2. Plants - anal hole cancer.Such a complication can occur in men and women.Early symptoms of the anus cancer include bleeding and skin itch.
  3. Violation of urination due to the obstacle of urethra condoms.
  4. A malignant birth wart in the throat and oral cavity.

Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of women's death.Since this disease is associated with viral invasion, it is necessary to regularly pass examinations in the gynecologist.Modern vaccines protect women from the most neighogenic species of HPV.

Diagnostics

Gynecologists, urologists, venereologists and dermatologists are engaged in the examination.During the initial appointment, the doctor will request a patient in complaints, raise anamnestic data and carry out the inspection of leather formations.Usually, HPV events are easily identified, however, other diseases must be excluded.For this, the specialist will prescribe instrumental and laboratory research.

Diagnostic methods required:

  1. Instrumental examination of the vagina and cervix (colpososcopy).Such a study is necessarily done for cervical cancer screening.During the test, the doctor can detect more papillomes and the area of epithelial dysplasia.
  2. Biopsy - Getting tissue material in the area of leather or mucosa.The cytological study of the sample allows you to identify malignant cells.
  3. Polymerase chain reaction - Detection of HPV viral particles in the body.The implementation of this test provides the provider the opportunity to determine the notes of strain and viral burden.
  4. Digene test is highly precision detection of DNA oncogenic strains of the virus of the human papillom.The study is used as a reliable screener.
In addition to these studies, the doctor will recommend the patient to take tests for other infectious diseases, including HIV and Sifilis.

Medicine treatment

Developed preparations against HPV infections can only eliminate the symptoms of the disease and prevent the malformations of the tissue.Fully removal of virus using drug therapy is impossible.Oral and current assets are prescribed in the event of a high risk of oncogenesis, immunodeficiency and other unfavorable conditions.If the virus does not manifest external changes, generally general preventive measures.

Possible meetings

  1. Salicylic acid for removing nipples.Not used for facial and genital skin processing.
  2. Creams and fats that contain immunomodulational agents.
  3. Podophilium - fat with cytostatic effect.Applying a medicine to the affected skin leads to the destruction of pathogenic elements.
  4. Trichlooxic acid for chemical cauterization of general and genital warts.May cause a local section.

These medications should be used only under medical control.After removing the nipples, the HPV infection may appear again and even expand to other areas.

Surgical treatment

Surgical treatment of papilloma

The doctor may offer surgical and minimally invasive nipple removal methods.Usually such methods do not cause complications, but in the first days after the intervention, the tissue can be bleeding.

Types of intervention:

  1. Ordinary surgical excision;
  2. Freezing liquid nitrogen, followed by destroying the affected tissues;
  3. Electric coagulation;
  4. Removing the papillom with laser;
  5. Using radio waves "Knife".

All procedures are carried out under local anesthesia.The specialist will choose the safest method for the treatment of CONDYL.

Forecast

The flow of papillomavirus infection depends on the patient's immune status and the specific stress of the virus.Approximately 30% of the population has a spontaneous elimination of pathogen caused by active immunity.Symptomatic disease is often manifested in pregnant women, children, older people and immunodeficiency patients.

HPV infection is characterized by a recurring course.Formed papillomes can gradually disappear or spread to adjacent skin.Oncogenic virus strains usually affect the mucous membrane of the uterus, and the resulting epithelial degation increases the effect of the risk factor from malicious tissue degeneration, such as smoking and using oral contraceptives.The tumor can form 10-20 years after virus invasion in the body.

Prevention

The most reliable method of prevention is early immunization.The Gardasil vaccine, containing viral proteins and auxiliary components, is effective against HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 species.If vaccination is carried out at an early age until the first sexual contact, the risk of cervical cancer's subsequent development in the woman does not exceed 1%.

Additional prevention:

  1. condom use;
  2. Sexual relationship only with reliable partners;
  3. Thorough personal hygiene;
  4. Gynecological examination at least once a year.